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NGC 7331 is a large, unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus, located roughly 39-40 million light-years away and often cited as one of the closest visual analogs to our own Milky Way in overall size and structure. Discovered by William Herschel in 1784, it is inclined steeply to our line of sight, showing an elongated disk, a prominent central bulge, and a dust lane along one edge; unusually, its bulge is known to rotate in the opposite direction to its outer disk. NGC 7331 anchors a loose foreground grouping nicknamed the Deer Lick Group, sharing the field with several much fainter, far more distant background galaxies (NGC 7335, 7336, 7337, and 7340) that appear nearby only by chance alignment. It is a...
| Moon Phase | Waxing Crescent |
| Camera | ToupTek ATR2600C |
| Optics | Skywatcher Esprit 120ED, 840 mm focal length, f/7 (120 mm aperture, APO triplet) |
| Date | 2025-07-29 |
| PixInsight Processing |
| Background Neutralization |
| Automatic Background Extraction |
| Dynamic Background Extraction |
| Spectrophotometric Color Calibration |
| BlurXTerminator (AI deconvolution) (x2) |
| Integer Resample |
| NoiseXTerminator (AI denoise) |
| Generalized Hyperbolic Stretch (x11) |
| Image Integration (x2) |
| Drizzle Integration |
| PixelMath |
| Curves Transformation (x3) |
| SCNR |
| Dynamic Crop |
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