ScienceDownEast | ScienceDownEast Astrophotography | Galaxies | Markarian Chain | NGC 4438 (Markarian's Chain)

NGC 4438 (Markarian's Chain)
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Markarian's Chain is a striking string of roughly eight galaxies stretching across the boundary between Virgo and Coma Berenices, forming part of the core of the Virgo Cluster, the nearest large galaxy cluster to the Milky Way, at a distance of around 50-60 million light-years. The cluster itself contains up to about 2,000 member galaxies and exerts a measurable gravitational pull on our own Local Group. Among the chain's most notable members are NGC 4438 and NGC 4435, nicknamed “The Eyes” for their paired, elongated appearance; the two collided at high speed roughly 100 million years ago, an encounter that stripped gas from NGC 4438 and seeded a bridge of newborn stars between them. The chain's tight grouping of galaxies makes it an excellent wide-field target for capturing several distinct galaxies in a single frame.

[Source: general astronomical references, incl. constellation-guide.com “Eyes Galaxies” and messier-objects.com “Markarian's Chain”]

Moon Phase Waxing Crescent
Camera ToupTek ATR2600C
Optics Skywatcher Esprit 120ED, 840 mm focal length, f/7 (120 mm aperture, APO triplet)
Date 2026-04-22
PixInsight Processing
Image Integration (x3)
Drizzle Integration
Background Neutralization
Automatic Background Extraction
Dynamic Background Extraction
Spectrophotometric Color Calibration
NoiseXTerminator (AI denoise) (x2)
Multiscale Adaptive Stretch
Curves Transformation
HDR Multiscale Transform



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